Food Substance and Function

During the process of going five flowers that grow rapidly physically and mentally. Especially at the age of two years, can be said is a golden period in the life of children. At the age of the cells and the brain was built. According to nutrition experts from Dini Latief, Head of Research and Development of Health Ministry of Health RI, substance-sufficient vitamin is necessary for a child during a pass-time.
The concept of four healthy has five perfect ideal. Because, including staple food, pauk side dish, vegetables, fruit, and milk. All vitamin is needed human, that is, carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, fiber and water.

Food substances can be grouped into nourishing macro (makronutrien) and nourishing micro (mikroprotein). Makronutrien is a food substance that is needed by the body in a number of the many. Substances, including foods that are makronutrien carbohydrate, fat and protein. The mikroprotein is a food substance that is required in a small amount. An example is mikroprotein vitamins and minerals. Although required by the body in a number of small, for example, to body metabolism.
Here are some of the food:
Food provides energy for the body. All body activity, whether physical or psychological need of energy. Energy is derived from the metabolism of food into the body.
In addition to energy, food metabolism also produce different types of molecules, such as glucose and amino acids that contribute to the growth of the body, the body structure of the building, and replace the network or parts of the body that is damaged.
Substances in food that there is food, such as amino acids, vitamins, and minerals play a role in the smooth body metabolism.
Some types of foods that have a role in maintaining and improving the body's resistance.
There are several criteria that can be used to set the patukan whether a food good for the body or not. Some of the criteria of good food as follows:
Food should contain enough energy for the body's activities. Energy needs of each person is different, depending on age, sex, weight Bada, and the activities of the day.
Food should contain enough food substances, such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamin, and mineral water. Kompisisi food needed by the body should be adapted to individual needs.
Food that is consumed must be easily digested by digestive system. Sealin, the food must also be higenis.
Next will be explained-nourishing substances that are required by the body's carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and water.

A. CARBOHYDRATE
Karbohidat structured on three main elements, namely carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). funsi carbohydrate is the main source of energy. Carbohydrate also act as a component of cell structure, restore osmosi in cells, and helps absorption of calcium.

B. PROTEIN
Protein is a complex organic compound consisting of elements C, H, O, N and in some type of protein contains elements S (sulfur) and F (phosphorus). Protein subunit arranged over some of the amino acid called (Mckee and McKee, 1996: 78). Between the amino acid with one another through ties peptida combined.

C. LIPID
Fat is an organic compound that is not terlarut in the water, but soluble in ether, kloroform, benzena, or alcohol panans. Fat consists of bonds with long chain hydrocarbons alifatik and hidrofobik.Lemak fat can be grouped into simple and complex fat.
Fat simple, that is, the fat that consists of fatty acid and gliserol. Fat was formed by simple plants and animals naturally as food reserves. Complex composed of fat on fatty acid, alcohol, phosphorus, nitrogen and amino-carbohydrate. The complex is Fat steroid, which is the fat menagndung chain siklipentano-core perhidro-fenantrene. Sterroid many are on the sitoplasma animal cells, reproductive hormones, vitamin D, FSH (Folicle Stimulating Hormone), and bile acids.
Steroid berikatan with the OH group called sterl. Kolestrol in bile, brain, kidney and children gland blood. Fosfolipid including fat complex in which the gliserol, fatty acid and phosphoric acid. In the brain, there is a fat complex called stingolipid and other types is glikolipid, lipoprotein, and melanoid.

D. VITAMIN
Vitamins are organic substances that bisanya not disentetis by organisms and only obtained from the environment in a number of very small (mikronutrien). Vitamin is an important component in determining an active enzyme. Vitamin has an important role in biological oxidation.
Vitamins can be grouped into a soluble vitamins in the vitamin water and dissolved in fat. Soluble vitamin that is water in B vitamins and vitamin C. whereas the vitamin is fat soluble in vitamin A, D, E and K.

E. MINERAL
Mineral elements can be grouped into macro-elements (makroelemen) and micro-elements (mikroelemen). Makroelemen the elements needed by the makhlik living in a large number, such as natrium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), klor (Cl), and sulfur (S ). Menagambil minerals from the plants in the ground. Mineral is minerlisasi results from the parent rock and organic materials.
Mikroelemen consists of iodium (I), flour (F), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). This element is required in the amount of the very few. Although the amount needed in a small, but very body requires this element. If this element is not there, there will be a abnormalitas on body function. Mikroelemen addition, there is also the element perurut (trace elements) needed by the body in a very small amount.

F. WATER
Water is a compound that is essential for living things. In a day, we need two and a half liter of water. Water has the following functions.
Carry food kejaringan body;
Take away the rest of the metabolism of the network to outside the body;
Medium various chemical reactions in the body.
Water into the body comes from minimal water, food, fruits, vegetables, and other food. Water is removed from the body as heat, moisture, urine, and feses.